关于Jackson序列化反序列化的大小写问题

Jackson[1]是用来序列化和反序列化json的Java的开源框架。Spring的默认json解析器便是Jackson。与其他Java的json的框架Gson等相比，Jackson解析大的json文件速度比较快；Jackson运行时占用内存比较低，性能比较好；Jackson有灵活的API，可以很容易进行扩展和定制。

踩到的坑

前段时间在做公司的手机APP消息推送，在测试iOS的消息推送时，踩到了Jackson序列化/反序列化的大小写转换的坑。
在定义的DTO里有如下一些字段

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@Data
public class IOSPushDto {
    // some field
    private String iOSSubtitle;
    private String iOSRemindBody;
    private String iOSMusic;
    private Boolean iOSSilentNotification;
    private Boolean iOSMutableContent;
    //some other field
}

然后自测的时候，写了个demo接口，就直接按照DTO里定义的字段写了个json进行发送测试，然后在日志里发现各个字段的值都为null，json里的值没能塞进去。

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{
  "iOSSubtitle": "subtitle",
  "iOSRemindBody": "body",
  "iOSMusic": "default",
  "iOSSilentNotification": false,
  "iOSMutableContent":false
}

当时很是疑惑，接口没错，字段没错，为啥就塞不进去值。

问题发现

然后用fastjson做对比，手动的进行序列化以及反序列化，做了个测试，发现fastjson能正常序列化。 打印出Jackson的序列化结果后发现了问题，Jackson序列化结果的字段和原DTO的字段大小写并不一样。

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{
  "iossilentNotification": false,
  "iosmutableContent": true,
  "iossubtitle": "subtitle",
  "iosremindBody": "body",
  "iosmusic": "default"
}

我们项目使用的是lombok生成的setter与getter方法，lombok在生成方法的方法名是将各个DTO里各个字段的首字母转大写，然后前面拼生set/get方法。 这样生成的方法是这个样子的。

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public String getIOSSubtitle() {
    return iOSSubtitle;
}

Jackson在进行序列化/反序列化的时候，会通过setter/getter方法来进行序列化/反序列化。 已进行序列化为例，Jackson在将方法名截取掉getter方法后，从第一个字符开始，将大写的字符转小写，直到遇到第一个小写字符。 根据getIOSSubtitle()方法，Jackson会生成iossubtitle的json字段。反序列化同理。

如何解决

如果DTO只是全程在后端各个spring服务之间进行调用，且全程都是spring默认的Jackson进行序列化/反序列化的话，可以无视这个，按照同一套规则就不会有问题。
如果序列化/反序列化的时候使用了不同的框架，比如一个Jackson一个fastjson的话，可以在属性上加个@JsonProperty(value = "")注解。

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@Data
public class IOSPushDto {
    // some field
    @JsonProperty("iOSSubtitle")
    private String iOSSubtitle;
    @JsonProperty("iOSRemindBody")
    private String iOSRemindBody;
    @JsonProperty("iOSMusic")
    private String iOSMusic;
    @JsonProperty("iOSSilentNotification")
    private Boolean iOSSilentNotification;
    @JsonProperty("iOSMutableContent")
    private Boolean iOSMutableContent;
    //some other field
}

这样Jackson在进行序列化的时候，会按照注解里的value进行序列化。 或者在类上添加这个注解@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY,getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, setterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE) 

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@Data
@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY,getterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE, setterVisibility = JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.NONE)
public class IOSPushDto {
    // some field
    private String iOSSubtitle;
    private String iOSRemindBody;
    private String iOSMusic;
    private Boolean iOSSilentNotification;
    private Boolean iOSMutableContent;
    //some other field
}

这个注解是设置序列化/反序列化时属性的可见性，设置field的可见性为所有，设置getter/setter方法可见性为None，这样的话就可以通过field来进行序列化/反序列化，json的字段就可以喝DTO的字段保持一致了。

一些测试

已知默认情况下iOSSubtitle会被序列化为iossubtitle，而如果字段本身就是iossubtitle的话，lombok会生成getIossubtitle，最终也会被序列化成iossubtitle。那么这两个字段出现在一起的时候会怎么样呢？ 我们做个测试看一看会出现什么情况。

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@Data
public class IOSPushDto {
    // some field
    
    private String iOSSubtitle;
    private String iossubtitle;
    
    private String iOSRemindBody;
    private String iosremindBody;
    
    private String iOSMusic;
    private String iosmusic;
    
    private Boolean iOSSilentNotification;
    private Boolean iossilentNotification;
    
    private Boolean iOSMutableContent;
    private Boolean iosmutableContent;
    
    //some other field
}

写个main方法，看一下序列化的结果

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public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException {
    var iosPushDto = new IOSPushDto();

    iosPushDto.setIOSMusic("default");
    iosPushDto.setIosmusic("default2");

    iosPushDto.setIOSSubtitle("subtitle");
    iosPushDto.setIossubtitle("subtitle2");

    iosPushDto.setIOSRemindBody("body");
    iosPushDto.setIosremindBody("body2");
        
    iosPushDto.setIOSSilentNotification(false);
    iosPushDto.setIossilentNotification(true);
        
    iosPushDto.setIOSMutableContent(true);
    iosPushDto.setIosmutableContent(false);
        
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    String string = mapper.writeValueAsString(iosPushDto);
    System.out.println(string);
}

emm，直接编译报错 编译报错 我们注释掉main方法，再次编译，然后到target目录下看一下编译的class文件，然后通过idea反编译查看类里的属性和字段

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public class IOSPushDto {
    private String iOSSubtitle;
    private String iossubtitle;
    private String iOSRemindBody;
    private String iosremindBody;
    private String iOSMusic;
    private String iosmusic;
    private Boolean iOSSilentNotification;
    private Boolean iossilentNotification;
    private Boolean iOSMutableContent;
    private Boolean iosmutableContent;

    public IOSPushDto() {
    }

    public String getIOSSubtitle() {
        return this.iOSSubtitle;
    }

    public String getIOSRemindBody() {
        return this.iOSRemindBody;
    }

    public String getIOSMusic() {
        return this.iOSMusic;
    }

    public Boolean getIOSSilentNotification() {
        return this.iOSSilentNotification;
    }

    public Boolean getIOSMutableContent() {
        return this.iOSMutableContent;
    }

    public void setIOSSubtitle(final String iOSSubtitle) {
        this.iOSSubtitle = iOSSubtitle;
    }

    public void setIOSRemindBody(final String iOSRemindBody) {
        this.iOSRemindBody = iOSRemindBody;
    }

    public void setIOSMusic(final String iOSMusic) {
        this.iOSMusic = iOSMusic;
    }

    public void setIOSSilentNotification(final Boolean iOSSilentNotification) {
        this.iOSSilentNotification = iOSSilentNotification;
    }

    public void setIOSMutableContent(final Boolean iOSMutableContent) {
        this.iOSMutableContent = iOSMutableContent;
    }

    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
        if (o == this) {
            return true;
        } else if (!(o instanceof IOSPushDto)) {
            return false;
        } else {
            IOSPushDto other = (IOSPushDto)o;
            if (!other.canEqual(this)) {
                return false;
            } else {
                Object this$iOSSilentNotification = this.getIOSSilentNotification();
                Object other$iOSSilentNotification = other.getIOSSilentNotification();
                if (this$iOSSilentNotification == null) {
                    if (other$iOSSilentNotification != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iOSSilentNotification.equals(other$iOSSilentNotification)) {
                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iossilentNotification = this.getIOSSilentNotification();
                Object other$iossilentNotification = other.getIOSSilentNotification();
                if (this$iossilentNotification == null) {
                    if (other$iossilentNotification != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iossilentNotification.equals(other$iossilentNotification)) {
                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iOSMutableContent = this.getIOSMutableContent();
                Object other$iOSMutableContent = other.getIOSMutableContent();
                if (this$iOSMutableContent == null) {
                    if (other$iOSMutableContent != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iOSMutableContent.equals(other$iOSMutableContent)) {
                    return false;
                }

                label110: {
                    Object this$iosmutableContent = this.getIOSMutableContent();
                    Object other$iosmutableContent = other.getIOSMutableContent();
                    if (this$iosmutableContent == null) {
                        if (other$iosmutableContent == null) {
                            break label110;
                        }
                    } else if (this$iosmutableContent.equals(other$iosmutableContent)) {
                        break label110;
                    }

                    return false;
                }

                label103: {
                    Object this$iOSSubtitle = this.getIOSSubtitle();
                    Object other$iOSSubtitle = other.getIOSSubtitle();
                    if (this$iOSSubtitle == null) {
                        if (other$iOSSubtitle == null) {
                            break label103;
                        }
                    } else if (this$iOSSubtitle.equals(other$iOSSubtitle)) {
                        break label103;
                    }

                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iossubtitle = this.getIOSSubtitle();
                Object other$iossubtitle = other.getIOSSubtitle();
                if (this$iossubtitle == null) {
                    if (other$iossubtitle != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iossubtitle.equals(other$iossubtitle)) {
                    return false;
                }

                label89: {
                    Object this$iOSRemindBody = this.getIOSRemindBody();
                    Object other$iOSRemindBody = other.getIOSRemindBody();
                    if (this$iOSRemindBody == null) {
                        if (other$iOSRemindBody == null) {
                            break label89;
                        }
                    } else if (this$iOSRemindBody.equals(other$iOSRemindBody)) {
                        break label89;
                    }

                    return false;
                }

                label82: {
                    Object this$iosremindBody = this.getIOSRemindBody();
                    Object other$iosremindBody = other.getIOSRemindBody();
                    if (this$iosremindBody == null) {
                        if (other$iosremindBody == null) {
                            break label82;
                        }
                    } else if (this$iosremindBody.equals(other$iosremindBody)) {
                        break label82;
                    }

                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iOSMusic = this.getIOSMusic();
                Object other$iOSMusic = other.getIOSMusic();
                if (this$iOSMusic == null) {
                    if (other$iOSMusic != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iOSMusic.equals(other$iOSMusic)) {
                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iosmusic = this.getIOSMusic();
                Object other$iosmusic = other.getIOSMusic();
                if (this$iosmusic == null) {
                    if (other$iosmusic != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iosmusic.equals(other$iosmusic)) {
                    return false;
                }

                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    protected boolean canEqual(final Object other) {
        return other instanceof IOSPushDto;
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        int PRIME = true;
        int result = 1;
        Object $iOSSilentNotification = this.getIOSSilentNotification();
        result = result * 59 + ($iOSSilentNotification == null ? 43 : $iOSSilentNotification.hashCode());
        Object $iossilentNotification = this.getIOSSilentNotification();
        result = result * 59 + ($iossilentNotification == null ? 43 : $iossilentNotification.hashCode());
        Object $iOSMutableContent = this.getIOSMutableContent();
        result = result * 59 + ($iOSMutableContent == null ? 43 : $iOSMutableContent.hashCode());
        Object $iosmutableContent = this.getIOSMutableContent();
        result = result * 59 + ($iosmutableContent == null ? 43 : $iosmutableContent.hashCode());
        Object $iOSSubtitle = this.getIOSSubtitle();
        result = result * 59 + ($iOSSubtitle == null ? 43 : $iOSSubtitle.hashCode());
        Object $iossubtitle = this.getIOSSubtitle();
        result = result * 59 + ($iossubtitle == null ? 43 : $iossubtitle.hashCode());
        Object $iOSRemindBody = this.getIOSRemindBody();
        result = result * 59 + ($iOSRemindBody == null ? 43 : $iOSRemindBody.hashCode());
        Object $iosremindBody = this.getIOSRemindBody();
        result = result * 59 + ($iosremindBody == null ? 43 : $iosremindBody.hashCode());
        Object $iOSMusic = this.getIOSMusic();
        result = result * 59 + ($iOSMusic == null ? 43 : $iOSMusic.hashCode());
        Object $iosmusic = this.getIOSMusic();
        result = result * 59 + ($iosmusic == null ? 43 : $iosmusic.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    public String toString() {
        String var10000 = this.getIOSSubtitle();
        return "IOSPushDto(iOSSubtitle=" + var10000 + ", iossubtitle=" + this.getIOSSubtitle() + ", iOSRemindBody=" + this.getIOSRemindBody() + ", iosremindBody=" + this.getIOSRemindBody() + ", iOSMusic=" + this.getIOSMusic() + ", iosmusic=" + this.getIOSMusic() + ", iOSSilentNotification=" + this.getIOSSilentNotification() + ", iossilentNotification=" + this.getIOSSilentNotification() + ", iOSMutableContent=" + this.getIOSMutableContent() + ", iosmutableContent=" + this.getIOSMutableContent() + ")";
    }
}

通过反编译结果我们可以看到并没有生成iossubtitle、iosremindBody、iosmusic、iossilentNotification、iosmutableContent这几个小写属性的setter/getter方法。 这看起来是lombok在生成方法的时候过滤掉了这几个字段。我们把iOSSubtitle、iOSRemindBody这两大写的字段注释掉，再编译看看。 原类定义

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@Data
public class IOSPushDto {
    // some field
    //private String iOSSubtitle;
    private String iossubtitle;

   // private String iOSRemindBody;
    private String iosremindBody;

    private String iOSMusic;
    private String iosmusic;

    private Boolean iOSSilentNotification;
    private Boolean iossilentNotification;

    private Boolean iOSMutableContent;
    private Boolean iosmutableContent;
    //some other field
}

编译生成的结果

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public class IOSPushDto {
    private String iossubtitle;
    private String iosremindBody;
    private String iOSMusic;
    private String iosmusic;
    private Boolean iOSSilentNotification;
    private Boolean iossilentNotification;
    private Boolean iOSMutableContent;
    private Boolean iosmutableContent;

    public IOSPushDto() {
    }

    public String getIossubtitle() {
        return this.iossubtitle;
    }

    public String getIosremindBody() {
        return this.iosremindBody;
    }

    public String getIOSMusic() {
        return this.iOSMusic;
    }

    public Boolean getIOSSilentNotification() {
        return this.iOSSilentNotification;
    }

    public Boolean getIOSMutableContent() {
        return this.iOSMutableContent;
    }

    public void setIossubtitle(final String iossubtitle) {
        this.iossubtitle = iossubtitle;
    }

    public void setIosremindBody(final String iosremindBody) {
        this.iosremindBody = iosremindBody;
    }

    public void setIOSMusic(final String iOSMusic) {
        this.iOSMusic = iOSMusic;
    }

    public void setIOSSilentNotification(final Boolean iOSSilentNotification) {
        this.iOSSilentNotification = iOSSilentNotification;
    }

    public void setIOSMutableContent(final Boolean iOSMutableContent) {
        this.iOSMutableContent = iOSMutableContent;
    }

    public boolean equals(final Object o) {
        if (o == this) {
            return true;
        } else if (!(o instanceof IOSPushDto)) {
            return false;
        } else {
            IOSPushDto other = (IOSPushDto)o;
            if (!other.canEqual(this)) {
                return false;
            } else {
                label107: {
                    Object this$iOSSilentNotification = this.getIOSSilentNotification();
                    Object other$iOSSilentNotification = other.getIOSSilentNotification();
                    if (this$iOSSilentNotification == null) {
                        if (other$iOSSilentNotification == null) {
                            break label107;
                        }
                    } else if (this$iOSSilentNotification.equals(other$iOSSilentNotification)) {
                        break label107;
                    }

                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iossilentNotification = this.getIOSSilentNotification();
                Object other$iossilentNotification = other.getIOSSilentNotification();
                if (this$iossilentNotification == null) {
                    if (other$iossilentNotification != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iossilentNotification.equals(other$iossilentNotification)) {
                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iOSMutableContent = this.getIOSMutableContent();
                Object other$iOSMutableContent = other.getIOSMutableContent();
                if (this$iOSMutableContent == null) {
                    if (other$iOSMutableContent != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iOSMutableContent.equals(other$iOSMutableContent)) {
                    return false;
                }

                label86: {
                    Object this$iosmutableContent = this.getIOSMutableContent();
                    Object other$iosmutableContent = other.getIOSMutableContent();
                    if (this$iosmutableContent == null) {
                        if (other$iosmutableContent == null) {
                            break label86;
                        }
                    } else if (this$iosmutableContent.equals(other$iosmutableContent)) {
                        break label86;
                    }

                    return false;
                }

                label79: {
                    Object this$iossubtitle = this.getIossubtitle();
                    Object other$iossubtitle = other.getIossubtitle();
                    if (this$iossubtitle == null) {
                        if (other$iossubtitle == null) {
                            break label79;
                        }
                    } else if (this$iossubtitle.equals(other$iossubtitle)) {
                        break label79;
                    }

                    return false;
                }

                label72: {
                    Object this$iosremindBody = this.getIosremindBody();
                    Object other$iosremindBody = other.getIosremindBody();
                    if (this$iosremindBody == null) {
                        if (other$iosremindBody == null) {
                            break label72;
                        }
                    } else if (this$iosremindBody.equals(other$iosremindBody)) {
                        break label72;
                    }

                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iOSMusic = this.getIOSMusic();
                Object other$iOSMusic = other.getIOSMusic();
                if (this$iOSMusic == null) {
                    if (other$iOSMusic != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iOSMusic.equals(other$iOSMusic)) {
                    return false;
                }

                Object this$iosmusic = this.getIOSMusic();
                Object other$iosmusic = other.getIOSMusic();
                if (this$iosmusic == null) {
                    if (other$iosmusic != null) {
                        return false;
                    }
                } else if (!this$iosmusic.equals(other$iosmusic)) {
                    return false;
                }

                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    protected boolean canEqual(final Object other) {
        return other instanceof IOSPushDto;
    }

    public int hashCode() {
        int PRIME = true;
        int result = 1;
        Object $iOSSilentNotification = this.getIOSSilentNotification();
        result = result * 59 + ($iOSSilentNotification == null ? 43 : $iOSSilentNotification.hashCode());
        Object $iossilentNotification = this.getIOSSilentNotification();
        result = result * 59 + ($iossilentNotification == null ? 43 : $iossilentNotification.hashCode());
        Object $iOSMutableContent = this.getIOSMutableContent();
        result = result * 59 + ($iOSMutableContent == null ? 43 : $iOSMutableContent.hashCode());
        Object $iosmutableContent = this.getIOSMutableContent();
        result = result * 59 + ($iosmutableContent == null ? 43 : $iosmutableContent.hashCode());
        Object $iossubtitle = this.getIossubtitle();
        result = result * 59 + ($iossubtitle == null ? 43 : $iossubtitle.hashCode());
        Object $iosremindBody = this.getIosremindBody();
        result = result * 59 + ($iosremindBody == null ? 43 : $iosremindBody.hashCode());
        Object $iOSMusic = this.getIOSMusic();
        result = result * 59 + ($iOSMusic == null ? 43 : $iOSMusic.hashCode());
        Object $iosmusic = this.getIOSMusic();
        result = result * 59 + ($iosmusic == null ? 43 : $iosmusic.hashCode());
        return result;
    }

    public String toString() {
        String var10000 = this.getIossubtitle();
        return "IOSPushDto(iossubtitle=" + var10000 + ", iosremindBody=" + this.getIosremindBody() + ", iOSMusic=" + this.getIOSMusic() + ", iosmusic=" + this.getIOSMusic() + ", iOSSilentNotification=" + this.getIOSSilentNotification() + ", iossilentNotification=" + this.getIOSSilentNotification() + ", iOSMutableContent=" + this.getIOSMutableContent() + ", iosmutableContent=" + this.getIOSMutableContent() + ")";
    }
}

这下能正常生成了iossubtitle、iosremindBody的setter/getter方法。 这样看lombok可能为了避免一些json的序列化/反序列化框架出问题，在这种场景下做了特殊处理。那既然这样的话，我们就手动的写一下setter/getter方法。

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@Data
public class IOSPushDto {
    // some field
    private String iOSSubtitle;
    private String iossubtitle;

    private String iOSRemindBody;
    private String iosremindBody;

    private String iOSMusic;
    private Boolean iOSSilentNotification;
    private Boolean iOSMutableContent;
    //some other field

    public String getIossubtitle() {
        return this.iossubtitle;
    }

    public String getIosremindBody() {
        return this.iosremindBody;
    }

    public void setIossubtitle(final String iossubtitle) {
        this.iossubtitle = iossubtitle;
    }

    public void setIosremindBody(final String iosremindBody) {
        this.iosremindBody = iosremindBody;
    }

    public String getIOSSubtitle() {
        return iOSSubtitle;
    }

    public IOSPushDto setIOSSubtitle(String iOSSubtitle) {
        this.iOSSubtitle = iOSSubtitle;
        return this;
    }

    public String getIOSRemindBody() {
        return iOSRemindBody;
    }

    public IOSPushDto setIOSRemindBody(String iOSRemindBody) {
        this.iOSRemindBody = iOSRemindBody;
        return this;
    }
}

然后是main方法

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public static void main(String[] args) throws JsonProcessingException {
    var iosPushDto = new IOSPushDto();

    iosPushDto.setIOSSubtitle("subtitle");
    iosPushDto.setIossubtitle("subtitle2");

    iosPushDto.setIOSRemindBody("body");
    iosPushDto.setIosremindBody("body2");
        
    iosPushDto.setIOSMusic("default");
    iosPushDto.setIOSSilentNotification(false);
    iosPushDto.setIOSMutableContent(true);
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    String string = mapper.writeValueAsString(iosPushDto);
    System.out.println(string);
}

编译测试。然后Jackson就抛异常了InvalidDefinitionException 异常信息 Jackson针对这种情况做了做了校验。想来也是，我都能想到的可能会出问题的场景，开发这个框架的大佬怎么会想不到、、、 反序列化就不测试了，结果估计也是差不多

  1. Jackson官网 ↩
Java开发
#java #spring #lombok #jackson
关于Jackson序列化反序列化的大小写问题
https://www.luoym.cn/2023/11/27/关于Jackson序列化反序列化的大小写问题/
作者
大，大罗
发布于
2023年11月27日
许可协议